All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels

One of the founding principles of the Kentucky Education Reform Act is the statement that â€Å"All children can learn and most at high levels. † With many states having a significant achievement gap between diverse students, it is becoming more important to hold high expectations for all students. I believe that all children can learn and most at high levels. But my point is that not all the children can learn at high levels in the same field. As we know the student is the subject of education. Education aims to develope students' learning potential. But children from different environments have differences in their physiology, intelligence, ability, aptitude, interest, personality traits and emotional development. Therefore some children may gain a great success in music while some others may in math. If we can educate them according to their personalities and individual needs, most children can learn at high levels. American educator John Dewey (John Dewey ,1859-1952) has pointed out that there are plasticity and dependency in the process of one’s growth. This means that the development of a child has unlimited possibilities. The ancient Chinese educator, the Confucius put forward the idea that â€Å"No Child Left Behind† and † Teach students in accordance with their aptitude. † This can be regarded as the practice of the concept that â€Å"every child can learn and most at high levels†. Therefore, whether ancient or modern, Western or Eastern, educators all hold the same concept. We want children to be able to learn and success, the key is the teacher. A professional, high-quality and enthusiastic teacher will be a good fortune to the children. This is why personal development is a necessity to teachers. During these years of teaching I met a lot of challenges to confirm the special needs of children and develope their learning confidence. I always try my best to help each child and encourage them. To teach a student well needs the effort of all parties including parents, teachers and communities. As a home class teacher, I combine all the parties well to improve students' learning capacities and help them to form clear awareness of themselves. If the children in my class can tap all of their potentials, that will be a great success to me as a teacher. Nowadays, the competition is very fierce. Teachers have the obligation to educate their students to be more competitive in certain area in the society. We don’t have the right to give up any of the children. Today, we have to give up the child. Tomorrow, the child may give up the society. Society will pay a higher price.

Changing a Five Day School Week to a Four Day School Week Essay

Changing a five day week to a five day week to a four day week (For schools) Why is our traditional five day week changing to a four day week? Any reason? A four day week would result in extra hours of work, interference with family schedules and much more. In any case what’s the problem with the five day school week? The customary five day school week should stay without any alterations. There are many reasons that support the understanding of having a five day school week instead of changing it into a four day school week. Firstly, people are already used to the five day week and might have to put some changes to their regular habits. Secondly, parents at work would have a very hard time to find a person to take care of their child (babysitter); this would be a big problem for families with no money. In the third reason I speak about the kids interest areas. It would be a loss of time of their practice of their extra-curricular activities that they really enjoy from their choice classes. There are many reasons that support the understanding of having a five day school week instead of changing it to a five day school week. People are already used to the five day school week since centuries and there have not been a lot of problems with the system, so why change it right now? The four day week would make a big difference (bad changes) in their sleeping and eating habits(Proved out by the Canadian center for occupational health). Parents at work would also have a hard time finding a babysitter. They would have a hard time leaving their children alone at home. This would be a big problem for children and families who are poor and cannot afford a person to take care of their children during work. Everyone knows that education for children has an impact on the future of this country. Our education/ learning system has been going on pretty good or let’s just say progressing every day and taking a brake would obviously low the percentage down of getting all these things we hope for. Lots of high schools, middle schools and elementary schools have game time/P.  E which makes children active at least for sixty min. a day. Less activity time can lead to unhealthy diseases such as obesity. Many activities such as orchestra, robotics and arts are chosen by the child with their own interest. If a parent cannot afford a class (outside school) it would be hard for them to enjoy the lost time of the choice class they chose. Now I would like to add on more to my first reason of having a five day week instead of changing it to a four day week. All of us have been using the ive day week for centuries then why change it now? The four day week might bring a sudden change in sleep habits which in turn may cause drowsiness, laziness and other factors during working hours. The four day week might also bring sudden changes in eating habits from more regular parties and unhealthy food.. When you have another weekend, many people oversleep. You might also develop certain health problems from oversleeping on an extra holiday such as diabetes, heart diseases, stress, anxiety, apnea and many more. Another day of a holiday means more partying, and mainly eating more unhealthy food. Problems that you might develop from eating unhealthy food are: Obesity, Diabetes, bulimia, binge eating and many more. There are people out there fighting for a four day week. Let see a few of the other side’s arguments. Some say that having a four day week might help save gas money for the district. However school buses are used on weekends as a public transportation even more which in turn might get the gas costs higher instead of saving a whole bunch of money. Parents also say that children would have extra free time if allowed an extra weekend. But guess what? 70% of all kids in America would prefer to have school instead of an extra weekend. School is a place where you could interact with old friends and make new friends! Fun activities compiled with learning. What would be a better option? In conclusion I would want the school board to consider the decision of having a five day school week because of multiple reasons I told during my essay. Such as people are already used to the five day school week, poor parents and normal parents might have a hard time at work worrying about their children at work and having a babysitter, less education for the future, less activity time, less extra-curricular time and having less face-to-face time with the teacher. Therefore as a call to action I would go to the school board/superintendent and reject all proposals of having a four day week because of these several reasons. I would also write a petition/proposal regarding to keep the 5 day school week the same. This petition would include other parents signatures who agree with me.

Hate Crimes on the Rise in USA - 780 Words

Hate Crimes in the United States In many cities throughout the United States, hate crimes are on the rise. A hate crime is a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias. For the purposes of collecting statistics, Congress has defined a hate crime as a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offenders bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation (FBI, 2012). Hate crimes have increased as the national conversation has grown less tolerant. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that hate crimes against Latinos, Muslims, and homosexuals have seemingly increased in recent years. However, whether hate crimes are actually on the rise is something that is debated; the upswing in reported hate crimes may be due to an actual increase in crime rates, but it could also be due to an increase in reporting. There is no single person that commits hate crimes; they can be committed by a person of any race, sexual orientation, or cultural background. However, there is a typical individual who commits a hate crime, and those individuals come from majority groups. However, Of the 6,934 identified hate crime offenders, the majority were white (4,317, or 62.3%); 1,286 (18.5%) were black, 61 (0.9%) were American Indian or Alaskan Native, 93 (1.3%) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 741 (10.7%) were of unknown race, and the remaining 436 (6.3%) were of other races or multipleShow MoreRelatedIslam And Muslim Will Be Used Interchangeably857 Words   |  4 Pagescorrelations between American anti-Muslim hate crimes and global terrorist attacks. The thought was that because so many places were being attacked, American people would be more scared of Muslim peoples and commit more hate crimes. However there was no remarkable correlation, so we began to think of the rises and falls in American anti-Musli m hate crimes differently. In the year’s pre September 11, 2001, (specifically 1996-2000) Anti-Muslim hate crimes in the USA existed in a small percentage relativeRead MoreThe Symbolic Interactionalism Theory Of Hate Crime1347 Words   |  6 PagesHate crimes are difficult to fathom, primarily because they involve the unprovoked physical attacking and, sometimes, murder of people based on race and ethnicity. A more formal definition of hate crimes is presented by Shepard (2017, p. 285). As he writes, â€Å"a hate crime is a criminal act that is motivated by extreme prejudice,† This is a very good, concise and accurate definition, nevertheless, hate crimes are not the outcome of unimaginable heights of discrimination. Most people have prejudicesRead MoreAmerican Middle Eastern Minority915 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome publicly recognizable figures, working in the business, political, entertainment, and media sectors as well as the U.S. military. Among these figures are General John Abizaid, Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, actress Shannon Elizabeth, Miss USA Pageant Rima Fakih, and political and social activist Ralph Nader. Majority of Middle Eastern Americans are of Arab descent although there is a sizable population of Iranian Americans. It is estimated that at least 1.7 Americans are of Arab descentRead MoreThe Problem Of Hate Crimes1023 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Over the past decade school violence has been on the rise. School violence has always existed in some form or another, whether it is a fight out on the playground or a stabbing in the parking lot. However nothing got the nation s attentions like on April 20, 1999, Columbine school shooting. Ever since that day the nation wants to know what to do to protect the kids in this country. Violence motivated by a bias against victims’ characteristics which include race, religion, ethnic backgroundRead MoreThe Effects Of Religious Stereotyping And Prejudice On Teens1084 Words   |  5 Pagesstereotypes that cause negative perceptions toward minority religious groups. Every day, religious groups across America experience some form of discrimination because of these stereotypes about their beliefs. Hate crimes and discrimination are on the rise; there have been 31% more hate crimes in 2017 than at this time last year. Teenagers in our society are victims of false religious stereotypes, but so are those who accept and perpetrate these stereotypes. Historically in the United States, stereotypingRead MoreAmericas Negative Challenges Essay629 Words   |  3 Pagesalternative to a healthy home cooked meal that Americans are rapidly becoming famous for. Further, fast food restaurants have also become the large cause of another adverse trend in America, obesity. While obesity has leveled off in the past year, USA Today reports 34.9% of Americans were obese in 2012, meaning thirty five pounds over the target weight for their height. Of these numbers, middle-aged African-American women ranked the highest with over 50% followed closely by Hispanics and CaucasiansRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Our Daily Lives1540 Words   |  7 Pagesserious threats. Since then essential services in most of the countries have operated via the ICT platform, attacks are prone to happen since there is a loophole of threat creation. Introduction What is cybercrime? Generally cybercrime refers to crime that is conducted via the internet portal or with the use of another computer network. Criminal activities that may be categorized as cybercrime may include, hacking, fraud, Credit card account theft among others. The American Department of JusticeRead MoreThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words   |  7 Pagestheir choices. However that is not the case as many countries have culturally rooted prejudices within themselves which often so leaks into their judicial system, allowing the systematic oppression of the LGBT, leading to violence in the form of hate crimes and even death. The GA3 committee, however, will be dealing with the prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The topic is multi-dimensional in terms of aspects which ranges from deeply rooted prejudiceRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals within society, and corporate institutions such as schools, the work force and the government, all of which we have seen occur in today’s â€Å"accepting† society. I believe that racial discrimination is incredibly prevalent within our society (the USA) today. By proof of contradiction, I intend to show the institutionalized racism and inequalities of minorities that are embedded within society by using the concept of a racial democracy. The phrase â€Å"Racial Democracy† simply denotes the notion ofRead MoreEssay on Nothing Like It in the World by Stephen E. Ambrose1210 Words   |  5 Pageswith wars, and terrorism. Poor race relation has taken new forms, such as hate crimes. In America, there are various forms of crimes directed to individuals based on their ethnicity or race. For example, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported that hate crimes against black, whites, and Hispanics, has been on the rise since 2005 (Yeng 287). However, the Hispanics in America has faced escalated race based crimes, followed by the Black Americans. Again, Bucerius and Tonry explain that Europe

Analysis Of The Margolin s Lawsuit With The Rules Of...

When considering the facts of the Margolin’s lawsuit with the rules of jurisdiction, first one must understand when personal jurisdiction and subject matter jurisdiction would be applicable. As stated in the textbook, â€Å"Personal Jurisdiction is a court s power to render a decision affecting the rights of the specific persons before the court. Generally, a court s power to exercise in personam jurisdiction extends only over a specific geographic region.† (Kubasek, pg.42, 2009). Before a court can decide to implement control over a person, they require a minimum contact within the district in which the court is over. In this case, the minimum contact was established over the internet when Margolin inputted information over the internet that completed the business transaction. Since the contact is through the internet, and not within boundaries of the state of California or Florida, the court can exercise personal jurisdiction Margolin’s lawsuit over Funny Face and Novelty Now (Kubasek, 2009). The subject matter jurisdiction is the courts authority to judge particular lawsuits in federal or state courts. As discussed in the textbook, â€Å"Subject-matter jurisdiction determines which court system may hear a particular case† (Kubasek, pg.44, 2009). Novelty One’s website states that all complaints must be settled with the state of Florida when filed against Funny Face or Novelty One. Therefore, the lawsuit against Novelty One will need to be filed with the state of Florida courts.Show MoreRelatedCase Analysis : The New York Court 2207 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam-Webster s Learner s Dictionary defines jurisdiction as the power, right, or authority to interpret, apply, and declare the law (as by rendering a decision) (Merriam-Webster, 2015a). In order for a court to make a decision in any case, the court must have several types of jurisdiction. The appropriate court for this lawsuit depends upon several factors. Personal Jurisdiction Personal jurisdiction â€Å"refers to whether a court has power over the person being sued.† (â€Å"Personal jurisdiction: How to

The Whig Theory And The Federalist Party - 1823 Words

The whig theory was one brought forth by the whig party. The whig party was established during the Jacksonian presidency. â€Å"Historically, the label derived from the British political party that opposed the power of the king and supported parliamentary supremacy† In the United States they carried over that type of support. They supported congressional supremacy, and during the age of Jackson they thought that President Jackson had too much power. They believed that the power of the president had been cautiously expanded. They believed it was a threat to separation of powers described by the Constitution. The whigs meant to imply by their name that the Jackson section of the Democratic-Republicans, or plainly the democrats, had disregarded the jeffersonian principles in favor of a monarch who would be elected, they nicknamed him King Andrew the first. Although the attitude of the court system gave support to the whig mentality. This came to a head with Jacksons response to t he supreme court decision over the Worcester vs. Georgia case that almost led to a confrontation between Jackson and chief justice Marshall. This case was about the banishment of the cherokee indians from the state of Georgia. The supreme court said it violated a federal treaty with them. The Stewardship theory was altogether different. It called for power to be limited if specifically forbidden by the constitution. This theory gave the presidential office a more wide ranging power. This theory held thatShow MoreRelatedPolitical Parties And The Democratic Party984 Words   |  4 Pages When looking at the history of US political parties, and classifying these parties into distinct party systems, five separate periods emerge leading up to the current party system. When classifying these party systems, it is important to look at characteristics such as the number of major parties, how these parties seek to gain support, and how the parties organize themselves. The earliest American parties were relatively centralized organizations that represented elite level concerns. They formedRead MoreThe Politics Of Party Realignment1838 Words   |  8 PagesRegime Parties and Realignments- The topic of party realignment was one that was brought up during lecture. Critical realignment theory has stated that some Presidents have played a larger role in the realignment of their parties. The definition of a critical realignment is when the parties and the issues that are at the forefront of the American attention change. Realignments have often been the result of a pressing issue coming to the forefront of Americas attention and allowing for third partiesRead MoreDid the Election of 1828 Represent a Democratic Revolt of the People1107 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter education, changes in political parties, and an increase in newspaper circulation. Western states also adopted these laws, which were called Universal male suffrage. All white males from one end of the country to the other were allowed to vote regardless of their religion or social class, and could hold government jobs, even if they were in the middle or lower classes. Also, voters and politicians now nominated candidates, rather than the political party leaders in Congress. This and otherRead MoreClassical Liberalism vs Classical Conservatism2089 Words   |  9 Pagesshaped our philosophies and parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith. Classical conservatism or traditional conservatism, Burkean conservatism, and Toryism, is a party that has re-expressed their convections to fit the time. (Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) In classical conservatism, many parties have adapted their view points. One of the first parties in American that adapted theRead More Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism Essay2055 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosophies and parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith. Classical conservatism or traditional conservatism, Burkean conservatism, and Toryism, is a party that has re-expressed their convections to fit the time. (Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) In classical conservatism, many parties have adapted their view points. One of the first parties in American thatRead MoreEssay on Federalist 10 Summary2213 Words   |  9 PagesSummary  Ã‚  Analysis  of  Federalist  #10      Summary:   Madison  begins  perhaps  the  most  famous  of  the  Federalist  papers  by  stating  that  one  of  the   strongest  arguments  in  favor  of  the  Constitution  is  the  fact  that  it  establishes  a  government   capable  of  controlling  the  violence  and  damage  caused  by  factions.  Madison  defines  that   factions  are  groups  of  people  who  gather  together  to  protect  and  promote  their  special   economic  interests  and  political  opinions.  Although  these  factions  are  at  odds  with  each  otherRead MoreThe First Lecture, By James Caesar1176 Words   |  5 Pagesstupidity and knee-jerk reactions, and it seems as though the political parties’ cater to the lowest denomination of intelligence. When one hears Democrats versus Republicans, demagoguery and division are usually among the first things that come to mind. This Center for Constructive Alternatives series explained the history behind the two parties, how situations like today came into fruition, and clearly alluded to an idea that the parties of old are crumbling. The first lecture, eloquently given by JamesRead MoreAmeric Just Another England2070 Words   |  9 Pagesand Jean-Jacques Rousseau are some of the most influential political philosophers in history. They all wrote about how they believed a social contract was required to be in place for a government to work and drew their conclusions off of their own theories of human nature. Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau leaned towards more negative views on human nature. Hobbes theorized that if we were in a state of nature, where there was no government, we would be in a state of war. People would constantlyRead MoreWhy did a Socialist or Labor Party never gain traction in the United States?2000 Words   |  8 PagesWhy did a Socialist or Labor Party never gain traction in the United States? According to Marxist revolutionary theory, advanced capitalism is a necessary precondition to the development of socialism. Capitalists would ruthlessly exploit workers, accumulating capital from the workers’ labor but not sharing it. This would result in the workers developing a collective class consciousness, overthrowing their oppressors, and replacing their bourgeois government with a dictatorship of the proletariatRead MoreGovernment3944 Words   |  16 Pagesevents . . . D) In order to form a more perfect Union . . .† E) These are the times that try mens souls . . .† 2) A social contract theory of government was proposed by A) Plato and Aristotle. B) Aquinas and Luther. C) Newton and the separatists. D) Locke and Hobbes. E) Plato and Luther. 3) Lockes Second Treatise on Civil Government sets out a theory of A) the divine rights of kings. B) aristocracy. C) democracy. D) republicanism. E) natural rights. 4) Indirect democracy is based

Success Essay free essay sample

What does success mean to you? To many people success means to be famous or have lots of money. But to me it means to set a personal goal and achieve it or not even that maybe making the team for a sport you tried out for or getting a good grade on a test or something. I do think being successful means you finish high school, college and get good Job then make a lot of money.I believe anyone can be successful because you set your own goals and accomplish them in your own way. There are some questions that go along with success like who can be successful, how an you be successful and what does success do for you? You can be successful by setting a personal goal that you can accomplish. Such as maybe its been your dream to own your own business or to finish college and become someone in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Success Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maybe you want to go pro and play NFG football or play for the NAB.Whatever you set your mind to and you at least try to accomplish it, it still makes you a successful person because you didnt doubt yourself and you showed that by trying to reach that goal. When you reach a goal that you put out for yourself its a good feeling and you should be proud because I know when I do something good and avian my mom proud of me its the best feeling in the world. Anyone is the whole world can be successful. Theres no law in the world that says you cant be successful.There are people every day that follow their hearts and end up being something that they went out to be. We need people in the world to be Lawyers, doctors, scientist, teachers because everyone does something to be a part of our society. These people are successful because they had to go through many years of college to become something and these people help out others in their own different way. All of these people that do hard work get a good deed.Success is up to the person who is willing to put up the fight for it, its not Just handed to anyone. Everyone holds the key to their future and it all depends on what you want. Not everyone turns out to get what they what but as long as you never give up on your dreams its bound to happen sooner or later but you need to get out there and try. A quote that caught my attention is you may see me struggle but you will never see me fall. So find the person you want to be and make a plan and become a somebody .

Primary and secondary standard solutions Essay Example

Primary and secondary standard solutions Paper Primary standards, such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) (C8H5KO4), display unique characteristics such as high purity, maintain stability during storage within a long period of time whether in solid or liquid form, large molar mass as calculated to be 204 (RMM), low reactivity with the surrounding air, high stoichiometry and low hygroscopicity (property of absorbing water from its surroundings), which makes them ideal in making precise assessments of the unknown concentration of a known chemical. Secondary standards such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) do not have the properties listed above, therefore it is low in purity, it is highly liable in absorbing the water molecules (H2O) from the atmosphere, it has high reactivity, it’s concentration changes over time, has lower molar mass known to be 40 (RMM). They are used in standardisations by comparing against primary standards. Primary standards are high in purity; whereas secondary standards have a low purity. Primary standards such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (C8H5KO4) remain stable when stored and the concentration does not alter over time whether it is in solid form or liquid form; however, secondary standards, for e. g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH), does not remain stable and the concentration changes rapidly over time. The primary standard, potassium hydrogen phthalate for example, has a higher molar mass (204 RMM) than the secondary standard, sodium hydroxide (40 RMM) for e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Primary and secondary standard solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Primary and secondary standard solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Primary and secondary standard solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Primary standards’ reactivity with the surrounding is low in oppose to secondary standards where it is high and react with the water molecules in the atmosphere. The function of the both standards is to provide as a reference to be used when standardising a solution. Initially, a primary standard is used to standardise a secondary standard. Titration is the quantitative technique used to identify the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution of which its concentration is known. The known solution, named titrant, is added into the analyte (unknown solution) from a burette until the reaction between the two is identified as complete by the colour change of the indicator. Colorimetry is also used to identify the concentration of an unknown sample, however it is typically used for the identification of concentration of coloured solutions. The colorimeter enables to pass different wavelengths of light through the sample, hence measures the amount of light absorbed by the sample. Titration Errors * Using diluted titrant and analyte: Once the burette is rinsed with distilled water, if it is not rinsed with the titrant, which was the sodium hydroxide (NaOH); it will become slightly diluted. This error will lead onto introducing a little more of sodium hydroxide with the vinegar, which means that the calculated mass for vinegar will be a little higher than usual and that will increase the percentage of the concentration of the vinegar. The same goes with the pipette when filling it with analyte, which was the acetic acid (vinegar-CH3COOH); if the pipette is not rinsed with the analyte after being rinsed with distilled water, the analyte will become slightly diluted and it will mean that a little more sodium hydroxide will be introduced and it will increase the percentage of the vinegar concentration more than it was supposed to be.   Preparation of the standard solution: A standard solution has to be mixed well in order to become a homogenous solution. This is necessary in order to estimate the percentage of the concentration of the analyte, in this case it was the potassium hydrogen phthalate. If it is not mixed properly, it may lead on to introducing more or less titrant, sodium hydroxide, into the standard solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate, to reach the end point. Therefore, the calculations for the estimation of sodium hydroxide concentration will be inaccurate, which means that the concentration could be higher or lower than it is in actuality. Colorimeter Errors 1. The absorption-concentration graph for the calibration curve of identifying manganese in manganin wire could have been drawn inaccurately. Hence, this will directly give an inaccurate result as to what the concentration of manganese will be in manganin wire. 1. If the calibration of the colorimeter is not done before making any measurements, it will give the wrong result of the wavelength of the rose wine samples. Hence, the absorbance cannot be measured accurately and an inaccurate result for the actual concentration of the rose wine will occur. 1. If the serial dilutions for rose wine are performed incorrectly, meaning excess water remained in the test tubes and burette initially, before even beginning the serial dilutions, due to washing them with distilled water, the rose wine samples added into the test tubes will be extra diluted. Therefore, the absorbance of the coloured compounds will be slightly reduced and when drawing out the calibration curve, it will correspond to the inaccurate rose wine concentration. Improvements for Colorimetry:Instead of using a hand-drawn calibration curve, it could have been drawn on a computer program â€Å"Excel† to ensure the accuracy of the graph and hence the calibration curve. Therefore, the absorbance measured can correspond to the accurate concentration of the solution being identified. Using equipment such as a â€Å"spectrophotometer† (difference between) which has 3-4 decimal places instead of a 2 decimal placed would give a much ‘precise’ result when measuring the absorbance of the samples such as the manganese in manganin wire. Also, to prevent inaccurate absorbance results, the calibration of the colorimeter must be done each time before measuring the wavelength of rose wine samples. It is done by putting deionised water into the cuvettes previously from measuring the absorbance of the actual wine being which is being identified, by pressing the ‘R’ button as reference. Finally, â€Å"automatic pipettes† could be used for the serial dilutions. Using automatic pipettes will increase the accuracy of the amount of manganese sample being measured to form the serial dilutions. Improvements for Titration: In order to prevent the sodium hydroxide (titrant) from becoming slightly dilute in the burette, the burettes must be washed with the sodium hydroxide, right after they are rinsed with the deionised water. This way, an accurate amount of titrant will be introduced with the analyte (potassium hydrogen phthalate). Consequently, this reduces the possibility of calculating a higher mass, therefore a higher concentration percentage for vinegar than its actual concentration. When preparing the standard solution (for e. g. the potassium hydrogen phthalate), it is important to shake the solution in order to have a homogenous solution. This is to ensure that there are no solid particles left in the solution that may interfere with the calculation of the concentration percentage of sodium hydroxide (titrant). The solution must be shaken in order to introduce an accurate amount of titrant with the analyte (potassium hydrogen phthalate) to reach the end point and therefore gain a more accurate concentration percentage of sodium hydroxide (titrant). Conclusion: The concentration percentage for vinegar was obtained as 7%, which is close to the actual range of concentration which had to be 5-6%. It could be said that it is fairly accurate. In order to ensure the accuracy of the titrations, they were performed several times until three consecutive results were obtained. Therefore, the volume measurements of the solution in the burette is quite reliable, due to being repeated. The preparation of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate as a standard solution was carried out accurately (it was shaken until the potassium hydrogen phthalate dissolved properly) and therefore this allowed to gain an accurate result in the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide, which was 1. 11627 molar. The results obtained for the rose wine concentration percentage was 4% for sample A, 46% for sample B, and 84% for sample C. All the absorbance values found for each of the samples -A, B and C- were within the range of the serial dilutions absorbance. Preparing a serial dilution allowed the results of concentration to be more reliable and therefore more accurate, as when forming a graph of calibration curve for the rose wine samples, the line of best fit was drawn much more accurately. The manganese concentration in manganin wire was identified as 9%, however it was to be about 12%. This could be due to the calibration curve being drawn inaccurately for the manganese sample. Using a computer program such as ‘Excel’ in drawing the calibration curve could have improved the result of concentration for the manganese sample, as it would make the line of best fit for the calibration curve graph much more accurate. Overall, the results gained were not ‘entirely’ accurate, however by repeating certain parts of the techniques, the reliability of the technique was increased as well as the accuracy.